By: Lauren Scheidemantel, BGS Communications Associate

Since the fall of the financial services empire and nearing what could be the last stand for some major corporations, new to mid-level recruits and decorated veterans of the workforce are finding themselves in a time of both uncertainty and opportunity – one that requires strategy, ingenuity and sheer determination.

With experts predicting worldwide job losses to reach 10 percent by 2010, the job market is starting to play out like a game of Risk. While the goal isn’t world domination, the workforce, and those seeking to gain entry, is tasked with utilizing new strategies and tactics to battle market forces.

Casualties of recession
The U.S. Labor Department has reported a loss of more than six million U.S. jobs since the start of the global recession in 2007. To stay productive and cost-effective, a staggering number of companies and industries have cut jobs and instituted layoffs. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, between December 2007 and June 2009, there were 39,822 mass layoff events – layoffs involving 50 or more workers, with 4,090,538 initial claims filed in those events. These stats are the highest numbers recorded since the bureau began collecting this type of data in 1995. Workers relieved of duty are finding themselves back on the job market, many for the first time in a number of years or even decades, and experiencing few job openings and fierce competition.

“Employers are using this time to trade up,” said Greg Demos (BGS 2005, Bryant U.), who has worked in the HR and staffing industry for more than 10 years and currently serves as vice president of sales at Veritude Investments. “There’s a trend to reduce the lower-quality employee and find better qualified individuals at a lower cost than in the past.”

He said employers are also seeing an overwhelming number of candidates.

“It might be easier to find an applicant, but it has become increasingly more difficult to sift through the number of applicants,” said Demos.

Seasoned professional Jonathan Donahue (BGS 1998, Columbia U.) has been trying to get to the top of the applicant pool since he found himself out of a job in November 2008, just six short months after relocating from the New York City/Connecticut area to take a position with a private equity collections firm in Charlotte, N.C. Donahue, who has held several c-level titles throughout his 18 years in the financial services industry, had his role eliminated after the company restructured.

To find a job, he’s utilized a number of resources and shared how he’s approached the search since his unemployment.

“I started out by casting as wide a net as possible and then fine-tuned my search to learn what industries were hiring, what companies were out there and what kinds of roles I’m a good fit for,” said Donahue.

That wide net was cast to exactly 3,676 email recipients – professional and personal contacts, executive recruiters and private equity firms. He has kept a detailed log of his search methods and has recorded the response and opportunities that have come as a result.

“I had about 96 tangible opportunities from all of that, nine of which I am currently at different levels of discussion with,” said Donahue.

While he has experienced interest, he’s also had to cope with rejection in a highly competitive job market.
“Companies are absolutely a lot pickier. There are positions that I am applying for now, I would have been a shoe-in for a couple of years ago, because I had 70 percent of what they needed,” he said. “But today, they don’t want me, because I don’t have that other 30 percent – and they want 100 percent.”

To combat the competition, Donahue has mostly relied on a core strategy rooted in the art of networking.

“People think networking is, ‘Do you have a job for me?’ or ‘Can you help me get a job?’ That is not networking,” he said. “Networking is, ‘I am in the market and this is my skill-set. If you know anyone that needs help, let me know.’ Meanwhile, ‘If you know anyone that I can help, let me know.’”

Donahue established Working Hands Career Ministry, a resource developed at his church that provides programming for a variety of career issues.

“The act of getting involved and creating this ministry to help other people find jobs and opportunities has really helped me with my own job search, because I get to meet more people,” said Donahue. “Getting involved in the community and organizations and being proactive, not only for yourself, but for others, builds a real network that can really distinguish someone’s job search.”

Survival of the fittest
For those currently employed, keeping a job now might often be as stressful as it is for those looking – especially if they happen to be working in industries and at companies that have already experienced mass layoffs and a decrease in employee benefits.

It may appear there isn’t much rhyme or reason for who stays and who goes when a company decides to restructure its workforce, but often a number of factors determine an employee’s worth.

“Employees are investments, from the base salary to the bonus and benefits – those are all things that are costs to the firm – so they’re looking at who can work the most efficiently and who can learn and handle several roles,” said Jacqui Tedaldi (BGS 2005, St. John’s U.), a senior recruiter at Coalesce Search, a boutique staffing and consulting firm.

Jonathan Stiffy (BGS 2005, Clarion U.), a mid-level manager at a plastics compounding company, was recently faced with the uncomfortable task of determining the worth of his employees when he had to restructure and downsize his department.

“I took a hard look at my employees and the vision I had for our laboratory once conditions in the economy improved,” he said. “I asked myself questions like, ‘Do I see this employee being an integral part of what we want to accomplish over the next several years?’ ‘What does this employee add to the group that others don’t?’ ‘What has this employee done to develop him/herself over the past years to make (him/her) more valuable to the group and achieving our goals?’ And most importantly, I asked, ‘How diversified is this employee’s skill-set?’”

This last question was the most critical for him, because he knew downsizing would ultimately involve shifting roles and responsibilities. In addition to asking difficult questions, he also made a chart that listed all of his employees on one axis and specific attributes on the other, including leadership, initiative, skills/training, skill diversification and attitude. He then ranked the employees based on the criteria and looked at employee performance appraisals for the previous two years. He also solicited input from other managers familiar with the employees to get a “360-degree evaluation.”

“All of this took a lot of work, but the extra diligence made the decision much easier. Not to mention making it much easier on my conscience afterwards,” said Stiffy.

Although this was the first time in his relatively short career that he had to manage a downsizing – he joined the workforce in 2005 after graduating with his MBA and has only been at his management post for a year-and-a-half – he said he’s gained insight into what it takes to stay employed during this time.

“Employees that embrace change as an opportunity for growth throughout the course of their careers are the ones who will most likely remain employed during a downturn.” said Stiffy. “Employees need to have a diversified skill-set and determine the things they can do better than any of their peers – and keep doing them consistently well. One thing I’ve noticed since the downsizing took place is everybody has been competing to show his or her worth,” he said. “The ones who have been doing that all along will likely stay employed regardless of the business environment.”

“Employees are investments, from the base salary to the bonus and benefits – those are all things that are costs to the firm – so they’re looking at who can work the most efficiently and who can learn and handle several roles.”
Jacqui Tedaldi, Senior Recruiter, Coalesce Search

So what are some ways to stay marketable and valuable?

“Seizing new opportunities to continue education and cross-train in new jobs when they arise are essential,” said Stiffy. “Continually improving your span of knowledge in your field or industry is very important. Education doesn’t stop once you get a diploma – it needs to continue throughout your career.”

Tedaldi agrees and also suggests, regardless of your profession: “Take a few courses to learn a new system or get a certification – something new to put on your resume to show that you’ve mastered and are continuing to better your skill-set.”

Aaron Kerwin (BGS 2007, U. of Northern Colorado), a young professional working as an IT consultant who has survived a downsizing at his Denver-based firm, offers his take on staying employed during lean times.
“It comes down to being marketable, motivated and flexible,” he said.

Kerwin, whose employer went through a round of layoffs in January, said his willingness to work outside the Denver area has been a big reason for his continued employment. When he took this position a little over a year ago, Kerwin said he, along with many of his co-workers, were hired under the agreement they would work in the metro area; however, his company has struggled to find work in Denver and many jobs require travel.

“The trend I’ve noticed is when consultants are not willing to travel to a project that fits their skills, management changes their attitude and in some cases has let people go,” he said.

Kerwin’s flexibility may be helping him stay employed, but he also has plans to continue his education this fall to get his MBA.

Opportunity costs
Many people have found themselves at a crossroads during this recession – whether that involves a job loss or making a career change. Some see this period of economic instability as a chance to seize new opportunities – pursuing higher education, starting a business, or switching careers. But how do individuals weigh the costs and manage the challenges they are likely to confront?

In 2007, Brian Decker (BGS 2009, U. of North Carolina at Charlotte) realized an opportunity to pursue a different path after working for 16 years in the healthcare industry. While employed mostly in clinical settings as a medical technologist in Charlotte, N.C., he found opportunities for advancement to be both scarce and competitive. He was also interested in healthcare administrative positions, but noticed education requirements were vastly changing for those jobs.

“I knew for advancement, I needed some kind of master’s level degree to even be considered, when that didn’t used to be the case for those jobs,” he said.

Decker said that was a big reason he decided to go back to school and pursue his MBA. Another consideration, he adds, was to potentially market himself outside of healthcare.

“I had 16 years of experience in healthcare, so getting my master’s in healthcare administration seemed a little bit redundant,” he said. “I wanted to diversify, so I could go outside of healthcare if I wanted to.”

In September 2008, he started searching for a new job in healthcare administration or consulting. But instead of leveraging his networks in the healthcare system he was familiar with, Decker chose to focus his search on consulting groups, and manufacturers and suppliers of clinical instruments.

Without a strong network to rely on, he had to use other tactics to get in front of employers.

“One of the best tactics I learned and recommend to others is, prior to submitting a resume, call and actually talk to a recruiter and ask some questions,” he said. “This is a good time to do that, because you are weighing the decision to apply or not and legitimately have honest questions. And sometimes you can even leverage that conversation into sending your resume and cover letter directly to that person.”

Decker said the majority of recruiters were responsive to this tactic and it allowed him to better target and tailor his applications. He landed several interviews using this strategy, but still found economic factors challenging. One position he targeted at a healthcare consulting firm was ultimately eliminated due to the economic climate.

“It was very disappointing and I questioned whether that was the real reason; or was this just their way of not being honest and brushing me off?”

Uncertain, he reached out for insight to the recruiter with whom he had developed a relationship. He said she helped reassure him and put things in perspective.

Not too long after that setback, another position with that same company opened up. He inquired with the recruiter he knew, applied and went on a series of interviews. He eventually landed the job – analyzing healthcare information and products to determine opportunities for cost-savings and improved safety and clinical outcomes for facilities across the country.

Decker thinks his clinical background definitely helped secure the position.

“That was exactly what they were looking for. There are very few people with my medical background with their MBA.”

Charting new territories
Like Decker, many people are seeing their industries change and are taking steps to market themselves for career advancement or a job switch. Some are even taking hold of the reigns and starting their own enterprises. In fact, a recent CareerBuilder.com survey found that one-in-four workers who have not found jobs in this job market are considering starting their own business.

A major draw towards self-employment in this economic environment is the ability to pull the strings in your career, but for those who’ve assumed the role of puppet master, the control is accompanied by a new set of challenges and risks.

“You have to make sure you keep your perspective fresh...They have to know that you’re really legit – you have to walk the walk, live it and love it. That’s why they want you instead of Company XYZ. They want the person that gets it.”
Laura Whitmore, Owner, Mad Sun Marketing

In 2007, after working 20 years in the marketing department at a music products company in New York City, Laura Whitmore (BGS 1998, Hofstra U.) began questioning her future.

“After 20 years, you start to think, ‘Maybe I need to try something else – how far am I going to go with this company? Maybe there are other things I can do,’” said Whitmore.

During this same time, her husband had also been offered a very tempting position in California, making the idea of change much more imminent.

Ultimately, her family moved to the San Francisco area, but prior to the move, she decided she would start her own marketing company – focusing on the industry that she knows, music products.

“Fortunately for me, the biggest tradeshow in this industry is in Anaheim, Calif. Before we moved out here I went to the show and it kind of gave me an ego boost,” said Whitmore. “It was great talking to people and having them say, ‘Hey, when you’re ready, call me.’ I got really energized from that.”

With the interest she received from her networking efforts, on April 1, 2008, she launched Mad Sun Marketing. She started out with just two clients, but has steadily built her client list.

Whitmore is finding that in her industry and this economy, her experience and value have helped her find work.
“I’m a more affordable alternative to some of the larger agencies that companies have traditionally used,” she said. “I have more than 20 years of experience in this industry working with top brands and my hourly-rate is a lot lower than an agency that probably doesn’t have my level of expertise.”

However, she hasn’t been completely shielded from the hardships of the economy and the challenges one encounters starting her own business.

“I do get a lot of interest from people saying, ‘Wow, that’s a good idea,’ but they won’t close, or they wait awhile before they say, ‘Let’s go ahead,’” she said. “I definitely get the vibe that people are doing what they have to do, and those extra things they would have done without thinking before, they just aren’t doing them right now.”
Since starting her business she has also had to reach out to people more.

“I never really thought of myself as a salesperson, but that is part of working for yourself – putting yourself out there and assessing a need you perceive,” Whitmore said.

Much of her marketing effort consists of cultivating her network and reaching out to people by email, or making a phone call to let them know what she’s doing.

“When I was working in the marketing department at a company, I had a budget and salespeople called me because I was the one spending on resources like myself,” she said. “Now, I’m on the other side of the table, which is a bit bizarre. I definitely have a lot more appreciation for those people because I now know the feeling of waiting for a client to get back to me.”

Now that she is self-employed, Whitmore has some added perspective and advice on what it takes to get started.

“If you’re considering starting your own business in this economy, you have to know if there is a market for what you want to do and know you’ll be able to support yourself, because it’s a lot of blood, sweat and tears.”

If individuals are weighing their options and deciding what to do next, she suggested doing some research. Whitmore said it can be beneficial to talk to others who work in the industry you seek to enter. She said it can often provide unique insights that can’t be found in other places.

Keeping a finger on your industry’s pulse is vital.

“You have to make sure you keep your perspective fresh...” she said. “They have to know that you’re really legit – you have to walk the walk, live it and love it. That’s why they want you instead of Company XYZ. They want the person that gets it.”

Barriers to entry-level
They are bright-eyed, ambitious and armed with a freshly inked diploma. Their admission fee into the workforce has been paid in the currency of lectures, credit hours and high marks. However, many recent graduates looking for jobs are learning a new lesson in economics as they compete in the toughest job market in at least 25 years.

According to a report released in March by the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), employers said they expect to hire 22 percent fewer 2009 graduates than they hired from the class of 2008. And not surprisingly, more than two-thirds of employers said the economic climate was the determining factor. Employers also said they were uncertain about the future. More than 46 percent said they were unsure about their fall 2009 hiring plans, and 17 percent reported they expect to further scale back college hiring.

The report sheds light on some grim realities. Just 19.7 percent of 2009 graduates were able to find jobs by their graduation date, according to a more recent survey conducted by NACE. In comparison, 51 percent of those graduating in 2007 and 26 percent of those graduating in 2008 who applied for a job had one by the time of graduation.

One of the lucky ones was Samantha Toigo (BGS 2008, Marquette U.), who completed her accounting degree at Marquette University in May 2009, and was fortunate to receive several job offers prior to graduating. In the fall of 2008, Toigo accepted a position at a public accounting firm.

Although reports show a strong demand for accounting professionals, Toigo hasn’t been completely immune to the woes of the economy – her start date has been pushed back from September 2009 to January 2010. According to CareerBuilder and USA TODAY’s Q3 2009 Job Forecast, nearly one-in-10 employers have presented job offers with postponed start dates this year to secure talent while delaying expenses associated with additional headcount.

While finding a job didn’t prove too difficult for Toigo, other recent grads are finding the market to be more daunting than they anticipated. Emily Williams (BGS 2008, U. of Denver) has been looking for full-time employment in the marketing industry since August 2008 when she graduated from the University of Denver with her MBA.

“I thought I was going to graduate from this really great school, with this really great degree and get a job pretty quickly – and a high paying job,” said Williams.

Instead, she encountered few prospects in an industry currently experiencing budget restraints and cutbacks.
“Initially, I only did online job searches. I probably filled out 150 applications and only got one response for an interview.”

After little interest, which she thought might be due to lack of work experience and possibly having more education than required for an entry-level position, Williams decided to change her strategy. In February, she sought the advice of a career consultant. She determined her skills and interest to be geared towards market research and has started looking for positions in that field.

Williams, who describes herself as shy and introverted, has also been pushing herself to network.
“I tell everybody I talk to that I’m looking for a job,” she said. “If I’m out at Starbucks and the barista asks what I’m doing, I tell her that I’m looking for a job. I’ve gotten several leads that way – by not being embarrassed and just embracing, ‘This is what’s going on in my life right now.’”

Williams keeps busy by consulting – helping others with marketing, resume writing and design work.
“When I go on an interview it gives me something to talk about – what I’ve been doing for the last year – rather than not having anything to say, because that’s not appealing.”

Over the past year her attitude towards finding a job has changed.

“This year has been an exercise in expectation management for me. I’ve realized that it’s not all about me; it’s about making myself appealing to an employer and proving who I am as a worker,” she said. “It’s about how I can benefit them, not how they can benefit me.”